In the system of waste resource utilization and environmental protection treatment, the drum screen has become a key equipment for waste pretreatment with its core characteristics of "low-speed rolling and multi-layer classification". Its strong adaptability and stable screening advantages enable it to accurately respond to the compositional differences and processing needs of different types of garbage. This article focuses on three core scenarios: household waste, industrial waste, and construction waste. It systematically analyzes the adaptation range, treatment effect, and technical points of the drum screen, and clarifies the types and reasons for unsuitable waste. It provides scientific reference for equipment selection and process optimization in waste treatment plants, and helps improve the efficiency of waste sorting and resource utilization.

A. Household waste: efficient classification and treatment of mixed components

Drum screen is the core pretreatment equipment of domestic waste treatment plants, especially suitable for processing mixed domestic waste that has not been classified or has been initially classified. It can achieve an integrated classification of "large impurity removal recyclable separation fine material screening" and is suitable for mixed materials with a particle size range of 5-100mm.

1. Adaptation of garbage components and treatment effects

Integrated classification of mixed household waste: Unclassified household waste contains multiple components such as waste paper, plastic, kitchen waste, bricks, fabrics, etc. The drum screen achieves classification through multiple layers of screens (usually 2-3 layers): the upper coarse screen (aperture 50-100mm) removes large impurities (such as waste furniture fragments, bricks, glass bottles) to avoid subsequent equipment blockage; The intermediate graded sieve (with a pore size of 20-50mm) separates recyclable materials with medium particle size (such as plastic bottles, cans, and paper waste), making it easy to sort and recycle manually or mechanically; The lower layer fine sieve (aperture 5-20mm) screens out fine materials such as kitchen waste residue and dust, which can be directly transported to anaerobic fermentation or incineration systems. After being processed by drum screen, the sorting efficiency of household waste is increased by more than 40%, and the purity of recyclable materials is over 85%.

Pre treatment of kitchen waste: For kitchen waste with a moisture content of 15% -30% (such as catering waste and household kitchen waste), the drum screen adopts anti stick mesh (polyurethane material) and low-speed rotation (10-15 r/min) design to avoid material adhesion and blockage. When processing, the sieve aperture is set to 10-20mm, which can separate impurities such as bones and plastic tableware in kitchen waste. The screened pure kitchen waste fine material (particle size<10mm) is conducive to subsequent crushing, fermentation and fertilizer production, with an impurity removal rate of over 90%.

Sorting of waste packaging waste: When mixing waste paper, plastic film, cardboard boxes and other packaging waste, the drum screen adjusts the sieve aperture (15-30mm) and speed (15-20r/min) to achieve classification of different sizes of packaging: small plastic fragments (<15mm) are recycled and granulated through the sieve aperture, while large-sized cardboard boxes and plastic bottles (>15mm) are discharged from the tail of the screen and compressed and packaged for recycling, avoiding the mixing of materials of different sizes and affecting the recycling efficiency.

2. Adaptation advantages and precautions

The advantage lies in the closed structure of the drum screen, which can reduce the leakage of dust and odors during the screening process of household waste and meet environmental standards; Low speed rolling causes minimal damage to materials and can protect the integrity of recyclable materials (such as plastic bottles from being squeezed and deformed). Attention: When dealing with high humidity (moisture content>30%) kitchen waste, it is necessary to use a spray device to rinse the screen to prevent adhesion; Household waste containing large pieces of metal (such as steel bars and iron pot fragments) should be removed in advance using a magnetic separator to avoid damaging the sieve mesh.

B. Industrial waste: precise separation and recycling of specialized components

Industrial waste has strong uniformity in composition, but often contains wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, or viscous components. The drum screen, with its customizable mesh and stable operating characteristics, is suitable for processing specific industrial waste in industries such as chemical, electronics, and food processing, and is suitable for materials with particle sizes ranging from 5-200mm.

1. Typical adaptation to industrial waste types

Electronic waste (E-waste): Electronic waste such as waste household appliances and circuit boards contains components such as plastic shells, metal parts, and glass. The drum screen uses stainless steel mesh (corrosion-resistant) with a pore size of 10-30mm. During processing, the electronic waste is crushed and enters the drum screen. Plastic fragments (<10mm) are recycled through the screen holes, while metal particles (10-30mm) remain on the middle screen surface. Glass fragments (>30mm) are discharged from the tail of the screen, achieving preliminary separation of the three components and laying the foundation for subsequent refined recycling (such as metal purification and plastic regeneration).

Chemical industry waste residue: such as calcium carbide slag, fertilizer production waste residue, etc. These types of waste are mostly in granular form, with some containing slight corrosiveness. The drum screen uses anti-corrosion mesh (such as fiberglass material) with a pore size of 5-20mm. After screening, fine particle waste residue (<10mm) can be used as building materials or fertilizer additives, while coarse particle waste residue (>10mm) is returned to the crushing system for secondary treatment, which not only improves resource utilization but also avoids direct waste residue stacking and polluting the environment.

Food processing waste: such as slaughterhouse waste, fruit and vegetable processing scraps, etc. These types of waste have high moisture content (25% -40%) and are easily perishable. The drum screen adopts an inclined arrangement (tilt angle of 5 ° -8 °) and an anti sticking screen to quickly separate coarse materials such as bones and fruit peels (>20mm) from fine materials such as meat and juice residues (<20mm) in the waste. Fine materials can be used for making feed or biological fermentation, while coarse materials are crushed and reused, resulting in a 30% increase in processing efficiency compared to traditional screening equipment.

Packaging and printing industry waste: mixed waste materials such as waste cardboard boxes, plastic films, ink residues, etc. are classified by a drum screen through a double-layer screen: the upper screen (with a pore size of 25mm) separates large-sized cardboard boxes, the middle screen (with a pore size of 10mm) screens plastic films, and the fine material (<10mm) under the screen is oil ink residue, achieving the separation of recyclables and hazardous waste. Ink residue can be disposed of according to hazardous waste regulations.

2. Adapt to core logic

Industrial waste treatment requires high stability and safety. The drum screen has a simple structure and low operating vibration, making it suitable for long-term continuous operations (with a daily operating time of up to 16 hours or more); The material and aperture of the sieve can be customized according to the corrosiveness and particle size characteristics of the garbage, to avoid equipment damage and screening failure. Attention: When handling industrial waste containing flammable and explosive components (such as waste paint barrels and chemical reagent bottles), explosion-proof treatment must be carried out first, and the drum screen must be equipped with anti-static devices.

C. Construction waste: Classification and resource utilization of inert materials

Construction waste is mainly composed of inert materials such as bricks, concrete blocks, steel bars, and wood, with large particle size differences (5-500mm). The drum screen, with its large processing capacity and wear resistance, has become a key equipment for the resource utilization of construction waste, suitable for processing demolition waste, decoration waste, road renovation waste, etc.

1. Mainly suitable for construction waste types

Demolition and renovation waste: This type of waste includes concrete blocks, bricks, ceramic tile fragments, wood, plastic pipelines, etc. The drum screen adopts a three-layer screen design: the upper coarse screen (with a pore size of 100-200mm) removes large concrete blocks and wood (which can be used to produce recycled aggregates or fuels); Intermediate graded sieve (aperture 50-100mm) separates medium sized bricks and stones (can be directly used for roadbed backfilling); The lower layer fine sieve (with a pore size of 5-50mm) screens fine aggregates (such as concrete powder and ceramic tile fragments), which can be used as raw materials for recycled concrete. After processing, the utilization rate of construction waste resources reaches over 70%, significantly reducing the amount of landfill.

Road renovation waste: waste asphalt, cement pavement crushed materials, etc. The drum screening uses high manganese steel wear-resistant screen (aperture 10-30mm) to adapt to the wear of high hardness materials. After screening, coarse materials (>30mm) are used for backfilling the road base, medium materials (10-30mm) are used as raw materials for recycled asphalt mixture, and fine materials (<10mm) are used for roadbed leveling, achieving "local materials and recycling" and reducing road construction costs.

Construction mud and debris: The mud produced during construction contains sediment and crushed stone particles with a high water content (40% -60%). The drum screen adopts a dewatering design (with a water receiving groove below the screen), with a pore size of 5-15mm. During the screening process, water flows into the water receiving groove through the screen for recycling and treatment. Crushed stone particles (>10mm) are recycled as aggregates, and sediment (<10mm) is used for brick making after sedimentation and drying, solving the problem of soil and water pollution caused by construction mud.

2. Adaptation advantages and technical points

Construction waste has high hardness and strong wear resistance. The drum body of the drum screen is made of thickened steel plate (thickness 8-12mm), and the screen mesh is made of high manganese steel or polyurethane wear-resistant material, which extends the service life by more than 50% compared to ordinary screens; The equipment has a large processing capacity (50-300 tons per hour per unit), suitable for large-scale construction waste treatment projects. Technical points: When dealing with construction waste containing steel bars, it is necessary to install a steel bar cutting machine and a magnetic separator in front of the drum screen to avoid steel bars wrapping around the drum or damaging the screen mesh; When dealing with wet and sticky soil, it is necessary to control the moisture content of the feed (below 40%) or use a drying device for pre-treatment.

D. Inappropriate garbage type and reason explanation

Although drum screens have a wide range of adaptability, some types of garbage are not suitable for processing due to their characteristics: 1 Garbage with high viscosity and high moisture content (such as septic tank sludge and paint residue) is prone to sticking to the screen mesh and the inner wall of the drum, causing blockage and inability to screen; 2. Large particle size garbage (such as waste equipment with a diameter greater than 500mm and large concrete piles) will exceed the processing capacity of the drum screen, causing equipment blockage and cylinder deformation; 3. Garbage containing a large amount of flexible wrapping materials (such as waste wires, steel wire ropes, woven bags) can easily wrap around drum shafts or screens, causing equipment shutdown; 4. Hazardous waste such as highly toxic and radioactive waste requires professional enclosed treatment equipment, and the sealing performance of the drum screen cannot meet safety requirements.

The core of the adaptability of the drum screen for garbage treatment lies in the matching of "material particle size distribution, humidity, corrosiveness, hardness" with equipment parameters (screen aperture, material, speed, cylinder structure). In the classification and resource utilization of household waste, industrial waste, and construction waste, it has become a key pretreatment equipment for the waste treatment system with its advantages of high efficiency, stability, and environmental protection, providing high-quality raw materials for subsequent recycling, incineration, landfill and other processes.

The core of the adaptability of the drum screen for garbage treatment lies in the precise matching of equipment parameters and garbage characteristics. It demonstrates outstanding advantages in efficient, stable, and environmentally friendly utilization of household waste mixing and classification, industrial waste special separation, and construction waste resource utilization. By customizing the mesh material, adjusting the aperture and rotation speed, efficient screening of garbage with different particle sizes, humidity, and hardness can be achieved, laying the foundation for subsequent processing procedures. Avoid high viscosity, oversized particles, entanglement, and highly toxic hazardous waste to prevent equipment failure. As the core equipment for waste pretreatment, the drum screen will continue to play a key role in waste reduction, resource utilization, and harmless treatment, promoting the improvement and efficiency of the environmental protection treatment industry.

Author : Song Ying

Song Ying is a blog column writer. She has more than 8 years of experience in the manufacturing and service of environmental protection machinery. She has a deep understanding of the garbage screening and crushing industry and is happy to share practical industry knowledge and technology.